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Polyester blended yarns are widely used in the textile industry for clothing, home textiles, and industrial fabrics. Their performance directly determines the quality and lifespan of the fabric. The degree of orientation of polyester filaments is a key factor influencing the uniformity and abrasion resistance of blended yarns. Polyester filaments with different degrees of orientation exhibit significant differences during the spinning process, profoundly impacting yarn structure and subsequent fabric properties.
Definition and Classification of Polyester Filament Orientation
Polyester filament orientation refers to the degree of longitudinal alignment of the molecular chains. Fibers with high degrees of orientation have regular, dense molecular chains, while fibers with low degrees of orientation have relatively disordered molecular chains. Polyester filaments can be classified according to their degree of orientation as highly oriented yarn (HOY), semi-oriented yarn (POY), and lowly oriented yarn (LOY). Fibers with different degrees of orientation exhibit differences in tensile strength, elasticity, surface smoothness, and hygroscopicity. These differences are directly reflected in the uniformity and abrasion resistance of blended yarns.
Impact on Blended Yarn Uniformity
Highly oriented polyester filaments have dense molecular chains, resulting in high strength, low elasticity, and low elongation. During the blending process, highly oriented filaments maintain a stable yarn structure, reduce fiber breakage and skipping, and contribute to uniform yarn thickness. Semi-oriented polyester filaments have a high elongation, making them prone to localized uneven stretching during spinning, resulting in yarn thickness fluctuations. Low-oriented polyester filaments have loose molecular chains, which can lead to fiber loosening and entanglement, resulting in an unstable yarn structure and significant uneven yarn thickness. The blending ratio and fiber orientation differences affect the yarn's linear density uniformity and surface finish. Poor yarn uniformity can lead to uneven fabric density, cosmetic defects, and increased difficulty in subsequent dyeing and finishing.
Impact on the Abrasion Resistance of Blended Yarns
Abrasion resistance is the ability of a yarn to resist friction and strain during fabric use. Highly oriented polyester filaments offer high strength and a smooth surface. Blended yarns evenly distribute stress during weaving and use, reducing fiber breakage and surface fuzzing, significantly improving abrasion resistance. Semi-oriented and low-oriented polyester filaments have relatively poor abrasion resistance. Fibers are prone to hairiness and breakage during friction, resulting in reduced yarn abrasion resistance. The abrasion resistance of blended yarns is closely related to the degree of fiber orientation. Highly oriented filaments act as a skeletal framework within the yarn, enhancing overall structural stability and longevity.
Matching Spinning Process with Orientation
The influence of spinning process on the orientation of polyester filaments cannot be ignored. Highly oriented filaments are suitable for processes such as ring spinning and open-end spinning, maintaining yarn strength and uniformity. Semi-oriented and low-oriented yarns are prone to end-breakage and hairiness during spinning, requiring optimization of yarn structure by adjusting the draft ratio, twist, and twisting method. Improper matching of spinning process parameters with fiber orientation can lead to yarn thickness fluctuations, increased end-breakage, and reduced uniformity and abrasion resistance.
The Effect of Blending Ratio on Uniformity and Abrasion Resistance
When blending polyester filaments with natural fibers, the ratio of polyester filaments with different orientations directly affects yarn performance. Increasing the content of highly oriented polyester filaments improves yarn uniformity and abrasion resistance, but may also result in a stiffer fabric feel. Increasing the content of semi-oriented and low-oriented polyester filaments increases the softness of the yarn, but reduces its uniformity and abrasion resistance. Rationally controlling the blending ratio of filaments with different degrees of orientation is a key technical step in obtaining high-quality blended yarns.
